Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Acacia Modesta

Abstract

Nanotechnology means any technology on a nanoscale that has application in the real world. Nanotechnology involves the production of materials with exceptional precision and dimensions on a scale as small as one billionth of a meter and implies the ability to generate, utilize structure, components and devices. Nanotechnology is the science of building very small particles. Visualizing the scale of nanotechnology can be challenging, but it is essential to understand that 'nano' refers to particles that are incredibly tiny. The ongoing exploration aimed to synthesize stable, environmentally friendly, and biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Acacia modesta leaves and assess their biological activities. Prior research has underscored the effectiveness of nanotechnology in facilitating the production of faster, smaller, and more portable products and systems that are notably more efficient. Utilizing plant extracts for nanoparticle synthesis represents an alternative and more environmentally conscious approach. The green synthesis of nanoparticles aims to reduce waste generation and advocate for sustainable methodologies. In recent years, the focus has shifted towards green processes utilizing mild reaction conditions and non-toxic precursors to advance nanotechnology and foster environmental sustainability. The X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that all AuNPs possessed a polycrystalline structure, evident from the intense graphical peaks within the complete spectrum of 20 values, ranging from 10–80°, supported by data from scanning electron microscopy. Leaves of Acacia modesta were gathered, dried, and powdered, resulting in a net weight of the powdered leaves material of 25 grams. Phytochemical screening of various Acacia modesta extracts preceded the purification of gold nanoparticles. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of AuNPs and crude aqueous Acacia modesta leaves were assessed using the well diffusion method and Slant agar dilution method. The dried powder was mixed with distilled water in a 1:10 ratio and boiled for 30 minutes. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the nano-particles' size to be within the range of 30–150 nanometers. Acacia modesta AuNPs exhibited substantial efficacy against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Strep.pyogenes, and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. In addition to these microorganisms, Acacia modesta AuNPs also demonstrated significant activity against Trichodermas, Aspergillus furfur, Penicilium and Candida albicans. Based on the findings of this current research study, it can be concluded that Acacia modesta has the potential to inhibit the growth of various pathogenic microorganisms, which could be harnessed by the medical sector for the development of effective drugs to address a range of acute to chronic infections.